具體地說傳感器是指那些對被測對象的某一確定的信息具有感受(或響應)yujianchugongneng，bingshizhianzhaoyidingguilvzhuanhuanchengyuzhiduiyingdekeshuchuxinhaodeyuanqijianhuozhuangzhi。ruguomeiyouchuanganqiduibeicedeyuanshixinxijinxingzhunquekekaodebuhuohezhuanhuan，yiqiezhunquedeceshiyukongzhidoujiangwufashixian，jishizuixiandaihuadedianzijisuanji，meiyouzhunquedexinxi(或轉換可靠的數據)
，不失真的輸入

，也將無法充分發揮其應有的作用。

 

chuanganqizhongleijipinzhongfanduo，yuanliyegeshigeyang。qizhongdianzuyingbianshichuanganqishibeiguangfanyongyudianzichenghegezhongxinxingjigoudecelizhuangzhi，qijingduhefanweidushigenjuxuyaolaixuandingdeguogaodejingduyaoqiuduimouzhongshiyongyewutaidayiyi，guokuandefanweiduyehuishiceliangjingdujiangdi，erqiehuizaochengchengbenguogaojizengjiagongyishangdekunnan，yinci，yinggenjuceliangduixiangdeyaoqiu，qiadangdixuanzejingduhefanweidushizhiguanzhongyaode。danwulunhezhongtiaojian、場chang合he使shi用yong的de傳chuan感gan器qi，均jun要yao求qiu其qi性xing能neng穩wen定ding，數shu據ju可ke靠kao，經jing久jiu耐nai用yong。為wei此ci，在zai研yan究jiu高gao精jing度du傳chuan感gan器qi的de同tong時shi，必bi須xu重zhong視shi可ke靠kao性xing和he穩wen定ding性xing的de研yan究jiu。目mu前qian

，包bao括kuo床chuang暗an器qi的de研yan究jiu、設計、試製、生產檢測與應用等諸項內容在內的傳感器技術
，已逐漸形成了一門相對獨立的專門學科。

 

一般情況下，由於傳感器設置的場所並非理想，在溫度、濕度、壓(ya)力(li)等(deng)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)綜(zong)合(he)影(ying)響(xiang)下(xia)
，可(ke)引(yin)起(qi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)零(ling)點(dian)漂(piao)移(yi)和(he)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)的(de)嚴(yan)重(zhong)問(wen)題(ti)。雖(sui)然(ran)人(ren)們(men)在(zai)製(zhi)作(zuo)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)

，采(cai)取(qu)了(le)溫(wen)度(du)補(bu)償(chang)及(ji)密(mi)封(feng)防(fang)潮(chao)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)，但(dan)它(ta)與(yu)應(ying)變(bian)片(pian)

、粘帖膠本身的高興能化
、粘帖技術的精確和熟練、彈性體材料的選擇及冷
、rejiagonggongyidezhidingjunyoumiqiedeguanxi，nayifangmiandoubunenghushi，douxujingxinshejihezhizuo。tongshi，haixuzhuyichuanganqideanzhuangfangfa，zhichengjiegoudeshezhi
，ruhekefuhengxianglidengwenti。

 

作為一次儀表的傳感器通常由敏感元件與轉換元件組成。

 

轉換元件就是精密的電橋。因此，測力秤重用電阻應變式傳感器主要由彈性體、應變片、粘帖膠及各種補償電阻構成。他的穩定性也必然是由這些元件的內、外因的綜合作用所決定。本文就此問題進行探討，談些粗淺看法
，與同行商榷。

 

首先是彈性元件。彈性元件一般是由優質合金鋼材及有色金屬鋁

、鈹(pi)青(qing)銅(tong)等(deng)加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)型(xing)，影(ying)響(xiang)彈(dan)性(xing)體(ti)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)它(ta)經(jing)各(ge)種(zhong)處(chu)理(li)後(hou)的(de)金(jin)相(xiang)組(zu)織(zhi)及(ji)殘(can)餘(yu)應(ying)力(li)。考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)應(ying)力(li)釋(shi)放(fang)時(shi)的(de)相(xiang)互(hu)平(ping)衡(heng)關(guan)係(xi)及(ji)彈(dan)性(xing)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)約(yue)束(shu)，要(yao)想(xiang)讓(rang)殘(can)餘(yu)應(ying)力(li)釋(shi)放(fang)，就(jiu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)時(shi)效(xiao)處(chu)理(li)，這(zhe)在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)中(zhong)若(ruo)采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)然(ran)時(shi)效(xiao)法(fa)

，則(ze)釋(shi)放(fang)緩(huan)慢(man)、周期長，常常是不可取的，需要人為縮短時間，一般要消除彈性體表麵殘餘應力的方法是：zuozhenkonghuihuochulihepilaoshimaidongchulijigongzhen。zheyangkedafududijiangdicanyuyingli，zaiduanshijianneiwanchengtongchangdechangshijiandeziranshixiao，shizuzhixingnenggengweiwending。

 

其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)應(ying)變(bian)片(pian)和(he)粘(zhan)接(jie)膠(jiao)。在(zai)這(zhe)裏(li)影(ying)響(xiang)應(ying)變(bian)片(pian)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)的(de)是(shi)箔(bo)材(cai)本(ben)身(shen)

，製(zhi)造(zao)應(ying)變(bian)片(pian)的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)合(he)金(jin)種(zhong)類(lei)很(hen)多(duo)，其(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)康(kang)銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)使(shi)用(yong)最(zui)廣(guang)
，它(ta)有(you)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)

，高(gao)的(de)疲(pi)勞(lao)壽(shou)命(ming)及(ji)小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)溫(wen)度(du)係(xi)數(shu)

，是(shi)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)絲(si)柵(zha)製(zhi)造(zao)材(cai)料(liao)。此(ci)外(wai)，製(zhi)造(zao)應(ying)變(bian)片(pian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)消(xiao)除(chu)不(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響(xiang)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。如(ru)：sizhayujidijiaodezhanjieqiangdu
，yingbianpianyudanxingtijiandezhantieqiangdu
，jidijiaoneiyinglideshifangdengdeng
，doushibuwendingyinsu。lingwai，yingbianpiandezhantie，yeshifeichangguanjiandeyaosuzhiyi

，zheyigongzuodehaohuai，zhijieyingxiangjiaodezhanjiezhiliang，naizhiceliangjingdu，ruguotiepianbuyange
，jishubushulian，jishishiyongzuihaodeyingbianpianyewujiyushi。