兩因
 

 

相xiang信xin很hen多duo工gong程cheng師shi都dou清qing楚chu一yi點dian，那na就jiu是shi高gao壓ya電dian容rong運yun行xing電dian壓ya可ke以yi反fan映ying出chu變bian電dian所suo母mu線xian係xi統tong電dian壓ya的de狀zhuang況kuang
，並bing直zhi接jie影ying響xiang電dian容rong器qi的de壽shou命ming和he功gong能neng。高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi內nei部bu在zai運yun行xing中zhong的de有you功gong功gong率lv損sun耗hao主zhu要yao由you介jie質zhi損sun失shi和he導dao體ti電dian阻zu損sun失shi兩liang部bu分fen組zu成cheng。而er其qi中zhong的de介jie質zhi損sun失shi可ke以yi占zhan到dao高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi總zong有you功gong率lv損sun耗hao的de98%以上。

 

除chu此ci之zhi外wai
，由you於yu高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi有you功gong功gong率lv損sun耗hao與yu無wu功gong功gong率lv通tong高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi運yun行xing電dian壓ya的de平ping方fang成cheng正zheng比bi，隨sui著zhe運yun行xing電dian壓ya的de增zeng高gao
，高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi的de有you功gong功gong率lv損sun耗hao會hui迅xun速su增zeng加jia
，進jin而er溫wen度du升sheng高gao，速su度du也ye會hui增zeng加jia，將jiang會hui導dao致zhi電dian容rong器qi的de絕jue緣yuan壽shou命ming降jiang低di。另ling外wai，因yin高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi持chi續xu運yun行xing的de過guo電dian壓ya一yi般ban定ding為wei額e定ding電dian壓ya的de1.10倍，當電容器長時間處於過電壓下運行時
，會造成電容器產生過電流而遭到損壞。所以
，高壓電容器需要安設完善的過電壓保護裝置。

 

 

諧波電流同樣是造成高壓電容器損壞的最大“殺手”之zhi一yi。在zai日ri常chang運yun行xing過guo程cheng中zhong，當dang電dian網wang中zhong的de諧xie波bo電dian流liu流liu入ru電dian容rong器qi時shi，就jiu會hui疊die加jia在zai高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi的de幾ji波bo電dian流liu上shang，使shi其qi運yun行xing電dian流liu增zeng大da。同tong時shi也ye會hui使shi高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi基ji波bo電dian壓ya上shang的de峰feng電dian壓ya有you效xiao值zhi增zeng大da。如ru果guo電dian容rong器qi容rong抗kang與yu係xi統tong感gan抗kang相xiang匹pi配pei
，會hui對dui高gao次ci諧xie波bo造zao成cheng放fang大da作zuo用yong而er產chan生sheng過guo電dian流liu和he過guo電dian壓ya，引yin起qi電dian容rong器qi內nei部bu絕jue緣yuan介jie質zhi局ju部bu放fang電dian
，使shi得de電dian容rong器qi產chan生sheng鼓gu肚du、熔絲群爆等故障。

 

上shang文wen中zhong提ti及ji的de運yun行xing電dian壓ya過guo高gao和he諧xie波bo電dian流liu，是shi最zui容rong易yi導dao致zhi高gao壓ya電dian容rong在zai夏xia季ji出chu線xian故gu障zhang的de兩liang個ge根gen本ben原yuan因yin。當dang高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi出chu線xian故gu障zhang時shi，工gong程cheng師shi可ke以yi從cong以yi上shang兩liang個ge方fang麵mian入ru手shou進jin行xing快kuai速su排pai查zha和he檢jian修xiu
，保bao障zhang高gao壓ya電dian容rong器qi的de夏xia季ji工gong作zuo運yun行xing安an全quan。

 

下麵我們來看一下，在夏季的高壓電容檢修過程中哪三類問題是工程師最常遇到的
，以及麵對這些問題時工程師應該怎樣做。

 

 

由(you)於(yu)夏(xia)季(ji)雷(lei)雨(yu)多(duo)發(fa)，很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)短(duan)路(lu)或(huo)過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)等(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)，這(zhe)會(hui)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)容(rong)在(zai)運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)突(tu)然(ran)失(shi)去(qu)電(dian)壓(ya)，可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)電(dian)源(yuan)側(ce)瞬(shun)時(shi)跳(tiao)閘(zha)或(huo)主(zhu)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)斷(duan)開(kai)。若(ruo)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)在(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)合(he)閘(zha)或(huo)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)源(yuan)自(zi)動(dong)投(tou)入(ru)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)未(wei)被(bei)移(yi)除(chu)

，可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)帶(dai)負(fu)荷(he)產(chan)生(sheng)過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai)。另(ling)外(wai)，當(dang)變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)失(shi)去(qu)電(dian)壓(ya)恢(hui)複(fu)時(shi)如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)拆(chai)除(chu)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)很(hen)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)諧(xie)振(zhen)過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)，使(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)或(huo)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)損(sun)壞(huai)。因(yin)此(ci)，高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)應(ying)設(she)置(zhi)失(shi)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)容(rong)在(zai)所(suo)接(jie)母(mu)線(xian)失(shi)壓(ya)後(hou)可(ke)靠(kao)動(dong)作(zuo)，又(you)可(ke)在(zai)母(mu)線(xian)電(dian)壓(ya)恢(hui)複(fu)正(zheng)常(chang)後(hou)可(ke)靠(kao)接(jie)入(ru)。

 

 

目mu前qian國guo內nei外wai所suo使shi用yong的de電dian容rong器qi斷duan路lu器qi

，一yi般ban都dou采cai用yong真zhen空kong斷duan路lu器qi。當dang這zhe種zhong真zhen空kong斷duan路lu器qi合he閘zha時shi，斷duan路lu器qi觸chu頭tou可ke能neng會hui發fa生sheng彈dan跳tiao現xian象xiang而er產chan生sheng過guo電dian壓ya。雖sui然ran由you此ci產chan生sheng的de過guo電dian壓ya峰feng值zhi較jiao低di，對dui電dian容rong器qi的de影ying響xiang也ye不bu大da
，但dan由you於yu電dian容rong器qi年nian投tou切qie次ci數shu在zai千qian次ci以yi上shang，且qie斷duan路lu器qi斷duan開kai時shi可ke能neng引yin發fa擊ji穿chuan電dian容rong器qi的de過guo電dian壓ya，因yin此ci，必bi須xu采cai取qu有you效xiao的de保bao護hu措cuo施shi來lai限xian製zhi斷duan路lu器qi操cao作zuo產chan生sheng的de過guo電dian壓ya。

 

 

相信很多工程師都知道，工作環境內的平均溫度每升高10℃，那(na)麼(me)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)下(xia)降(jiang)速(su)度(du)就(jiu)會(hui)加(jia)快(kuai)一(yi)倍(bei)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)長(chang)期(qi)處(chu)於(yu)高(gao)電(dian)場(chang)與(yu)高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)運(yun)行(xing)
，會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介(jie)質(zhi)老(lao)化(hua)和(he)介(jie)質(zhi)損(sun)失(shi)增(zeng)大(da)
，進(jin)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)快(kuai)速(su)升(sheng)溫(wen)而(er)發(fa)熱(re)
，造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)壽(shou)命(ming)降(jiang)低(di)
，甚(shen)至(zhi)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)熱(re)擊(ji)穿(chuan)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai)。因(yin)此(ci)，當(dang)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)超(chao)過(guo)40℃shi
，gongchengshiyinggailijitingzhidianrongqiyunxing。yinci
，weifangzhidianrongqiyinyunxingwenduguogaoersunhuai，yingshezhiwendujiankongzhuangzhisuishijiankongzhidianrongqideyunxingwendu，bingcaiyongqiangzhitongfengzhuangzhigaishandianrongqidesanretiaojian，shidianrongqichanshengdereliangyiduiliuhefushedefangshisanfachulai。

 

上shang文wen中zhong所suo提ti及ji的de三san個ge問wen題ti，是shi高gao壓ya電dian容rong在zai夏xia季ji運yun行xing過guo程cheng中zhong最zui常chang見jian的de，也ye是shi工gong程cheng師shi在zai進jin行xing檢jian修xiu維wei護hu時shi需xu要yao首shou先xian檢jian查zha的de三san個ge方fang麵mian。從cong以yi上shang三san個ge方fang麵mian入ru手shou進jin行xing整zheng體ti運yun行xing環huan境jing的de檢jian查zha和he維wei護hu，可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao障zhang機ji體ti在zai夏xia季ji高gao溫wen環huan境jing下xia的de正zheng常chang工gong作zuo運yun轉zhuan。