步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)數(shu)字(zi)式(shi)執(zhi)行(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)，在(zai)運(yun)動(dong)控(kong)製(zhi)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)得(de)到(dao)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。許(xu)多(duo)用(yong)戶(hu)朋(peng)友(you)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，感(gan)覺(jiao)電(dian)機(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)發(fa)熱(re)，心(xin)存(cun)疑(yi)慮(lv)
，不(bu)知(zhi)這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)是(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)常(chang)。實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)發(fa)熱(re)是(shi)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)普(pu)遍(bian)現(xian)象(xiang)
，但(dan)怎(zen)樣(yang)的(de)發(fa)熱(re)程(cheng)度(du)才(cai)算(suan)正(zheng)常(chang)，以(yi)及(ji)如(ru)何(he)盡(jin)量(liang)減(jian)小(xiao)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)發(fa)熱(re)呢(ne)？以(yi)下(xia)是(shi)一(yi)些(xie)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)。

圖1：步進電機

發熱帶來的影響

dianjifaresuiranyibanbuhuiyingxiangdianjideshouming，duidaduoshukehulaishuomeibiyaolihui。danshi，yanzhongdefarehuidaiyixiefumianyingxiang。rudianjineibugebufenrepengzhangxishubutongdaozhijiegouyinglidebianhuaheneibuqixideweixiaobianhua，huiyingxiangdianjidedongtaixiangying，gaosuhuirongyishibu。youruyouxiechanghebuyunxudianjideguodufare，ruyiliaoqixiehegaojingdudeceshishebeideng。yinciduidianjidefareyingdangjinxingbiyaodekongzhi。

步進電機為什麼會發熱

對於各種步進電機而言，內部都是由鐵芯和繞組線圈組zu成cheng的de。繞rao組zu有you電dian阻zu，通tong電dian會hui產chan生sheng損sun耗hao，損sun耗hao大da小xiao與yu電dian阻zu和he電dian流liu的de平ping方fang成cheng正zheng比bi
，這zhe就jiu是shi我wo們men常chang說shuo的de銅tong隕yun，如ru果guo電dian流liu不bu是shi標biao準zhun的de直zhi流liu或huo正zheng弦xian波bo
，還hai會hui產chan生sheng諧xie波bo損sun耗hao；鐵心有磁滯渦流效應，在交變磁場中也會產生損耗
，其大小與材料、電流、頻率
、電dian壓ya有you關guan，這zhe叫jiao鐵tie損sun。銅tong損sun和he鐵tie損sun都dou會hui以yi發fa熱re的de形xing式shi表biao現xian出chu來lai，從cong而er影ying響xiang電dian機ji的de效xiao率lv。步bu進jin電dian機ji一yi般ban追zhui求qiu定ding位wei精jing度du和he力li矩ju輸shu出chu
，效xiao率lv比bi較jiao低di，電dian流liu一yi般ban比bi較jiao大da，且qie諧xie波bo成cheng分fen高gao，電dian流liu交jiao變bian的de頻pin率lv也ye隨sui轉zhuan速su而er變bian化hua
，因yin而er步bu進jin電dian機ji普pu遍bian存cun在zai發fa熱re情qing況kuang，且qie情qing況kuang比bi一yi般ban交jiao流liu電dian機ji嚴yan重zhong。

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步進電機發熱的合理範圍

電機發熱允許到什麼程度，主要取決於電機內部絕緣等級。內部絕緣性能在高溫下(130度以上)才會被破壞。所以隻要內部不超過130度，電機便不會損壞，而這時表麵溫度會在90度以下。所以，步進電機表麵溫度在70-80度都是正常的。簡單的溫度測量方法有用點溫計的，也可以粗略判斷：用手可以觸摸1-2秒以上
，不超過60度；用手隻能碰一下，大約在70-80度；滴幾滴水迅速氣化

，則90度以上了。

步進電機發熱隨速度變化的情況

caiyonghengliuqudongjishushi，bujindianjizaijingtaihedisuxia，dianliuhuiweichixiangduihengding
，yibaochihenglijushuchu。sudugaodaoyidingchengdu，dianjineibufandianshishenggao，dianliujiangzhubuxiajiang

，lijuyehuixiajiang。yinci，yintongsundailaidefareqingkuangjiuyusuduxiangguanle。jingtaihedisushiyibanfaregao，gaosushifaredi。danshitiesun(雖然占的比例較小）變化的情況卻不盡然，而電機整個的發熱是二者之和，所以上述隻是一般情況。

如何減少電機的發熱

jianshaofare

，jiushijianshaotongsunhetiesun。jianshaotongsunyoulianggefangxiang，jianshaodianyinhedianliu，zhejiuyaoqiuzaixuanxingshijinliangxuanzedianzuxiaoheedingdianliuxiaodedianji
，duiliangxiangdianji
，nengyongchuanliandedianjijiubuyongbingliandianji，danshizhewangwangyulijuhegaosudeyaoqiuxiangdichu。duiyuyijingxuandingdedianji
，zeyingchongfenliyongqudongqidezidongbanliukongzhigongnenghetuojigongneng
，qianzhezaidianjichuyujingtaishizidongjianshaodianliu，houzhegancuijiangdianliuqieduan。lingwai
，xifenqudongqiyouyudianliuboxingjiejinzhengxian，xieboshao，dianjifareyehuijiaoshao。jianshaotiesundebanfabuduo，dianyadengjiyuzhiyouguan，gaoyaqudongdedianjisuiranhuidailaigaosutexingdetisheng，danyedailaifaredezengjia。suoyiyingdangxuanzeheshidequdongdianyadengji
，jiangugaodaixing
、平穩性和發熱、噪音等指標。